上海音乐音乐学院排行榜

，艺术留学|美国著名大学排名-TOP1耶鲁大学艺术学院Yale University School of Art，耶鲁大学艺术学院隶属于“长春藤”名校耶鲁大学，成立于1701年，位于康涅狄格州纽海芬市。二十世纪中叶，耶鲁大学率先将绘画、雕塑、摄影、设计和新媒体艺术纳入本科生和研究生课程，迄今已成为这方面的领袖。耶鲁大学艺术学院在2003年的USNews艺术院校排名榜中油画专业排名第1，雕塑专业排名第2，图像设计专业排名第2，摄影专业排名第7。

The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.
(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.
(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s and cost approximately 51 million dollars
(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

请看官方解释，并注意反斜部分：Choice A can be faulted because which grammatically refers to 51 million dollars, the nearest noun phrase. At any rate, it is not clear in choices A, B, C, or D whether the modernization program or the steel mil is supposed to be completed in the late 1980’s. In B and C, the use of hopefully for it is hoped still meets with strong and widespread objection from many editors, lexicographers, and authors of usage handbooks. Aside from having an ambiguous which, D contains no independent clause and so cannot stand as a sentence. Choice E is the correct answer for this very difficult question.
啥意思呢？这道题目是古旧的语法大全里面的题目，大约对应于90年代的GMAT笔试题目。当时，老头还年轻，他们依然希望通过“it is hoped”和“Hopefully”哪个用法更规范来区分正确答案。但是，老头会成长，正如我们也会。。。

11. An unusually strong cyclist can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set a new distance record for human-powered aircraft in MIT’s diaphanous construction of graphite fiber and plastic.

(A) can, it is hoped, provide enough power to set
(B) it is hoped, can provide enough power that will set
(C) hopefully can provide enough power, this will set
(D) is hopeful to set
(E) hopes setting
注意，注意，老头出招了，it is hoped， Hopefully，hopeful，hope全都出现了。注意谁有资格hoep和hopeful，还有hopefully和It is hoped的意思区别。
In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, making it more expensive to borrow for businesses and consumers.

(A) In hoping to restrain economic growth, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, making it more expensive to borrow for businesses and consumers.
(B) Making it more expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow, interest rates were raised by British policymakers, in hopes of their restraining economic growth.
(C) In making borrowing for businesses and consumers more expensive, British policymakers, in hopes they will restrain economic growth, had raised interest rates.
(D) Hopefully restraining economic growth, British policymakers raised interest rates, making more expensive borrowing by businesses and consumers.
(E) Hoping to restrain economic growth, British policymakers raised interest rates, making it more expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow.

时光走到了21世纪初，老头终于进一步觉醒了。请大家比较hope to do 和 Hopefully 的完全不同的意思，并代入原文看看哪个更合理？