海口托福考试一对一培训班

托福阅读如何进行备考?除了大量的托福词汇储备以外，大家可能最需要的就是托福阅读真题的练习。那么除了官方真题Official你还有哪些托福阅读真题进行练习呢?今天小编就为大家整理了托福阅读真题100篇：哈德逊河学派的文本、题目以及答案，希望可以帮助到大家。

托福阅读文本：

The term "Hudson River school" was applied to the foremost representatives of nineteenth-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the golden days of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and lasted until the late 1860's, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870's as a direct result of the struggle between the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as the representative American art. The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design. The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figural subject matter and in a bold and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage in their own country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it by attaining academic recognition in New York. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school — the most representative school of American art in any genre — had by 1890 become firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.

The sobriquet was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it was hardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in New York, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency. Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner of technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River. A possible implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many of them had, like Cole, lived on or near the banks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long served as the principal route to other sketching grounds favored by the Academicians, particularly the Adirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The NationalAcademy of Design

(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River

(C) North American landscape paintings

(D) The training of American artists in European academies

2. Before 1870, what was considered the most representative kind of American painting?

(A) Figural painting

(B) Landscape painting

(C) Impressionistic painting

(D) Historical painting

3. The word "struggle" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) connection

(B) distance

(C) communication

(D) competition

4. The word "monopolized" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) alarmed

(B) dominated

(C) repelled

(D) pursued

5. According to the passage , what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the painters born before 1835?

(A) It mediated conflicts between artists.

(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.

(C) It determined which subjects were appropriate.

(D) It supported their growth and development.

6. The word "it" in line 12 refers to

(A) matter

(B) technique

(C) patronage

(D) country

7. The word "factions" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) sides

(B) people

(C) cities

(D) images

8. The word "flattering" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) expressive

(B) serious

(C) complimentary

(D) flashy

9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?

(A) In Europe

(B) In the Adirondacks

(C) In Vermont

(D) In New Hampshire

托福阅读答案：

BBDBD CACA

以上就是小编为大家整理的托福阅读100篇真题练习：哈德逊河学派的文本、题目以及答案，大家在托福阅读考试进行备考的过程当中也可以拿这些题目来进行练习，相信对于你的托福阅读考试成绩提升会很有帮助。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

对于托福听力考试的难度日益提高，备考托福的难度也相应的增加。但是托福词汇的积累是复习备考的永恒主题，可见其重要性。特别是一些必考词汇。这小编为就为大家整理了托福听力有关地质学讲座必考的词汇汇总，希望对大家有帮助。

地质学

crust地壳

Core地核

mantle地幔

Rock岩石

mineral矿物

aquifer蓄水层

layer层

sediment沉积;沉淀物

fossil化石

stratum地层

fault断层

fold折痕

Dating techniques年代测定技术

Earthquake地震

seismicwaves地震波

epicenter 震中

magnitude震

aftershock余震

volcano火山

erode腐蚀，侵蚀

sedimentaryrock沉积岩

limestone石灰岩

granite花岗岩

Eruption爆发

magma岩浆

lava火山岩浆

Ash火山灰

chamber房间

crater火山口

Activevolcano活火山

dormantvolcano休眠火山

extinctvolcano死火山

bedrock基岩

tsunami海啸

landslide山崩

mudslide泥流

avalanche雪崩

希望上面的词汇对大家的托福听力提分有帮助，大家备考时这些必考词汇要重点记忆。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。